Evaluation and comparison of the marketing strategies of the two Essay

Evaluation and comparison of the marketing strategies of the two global companies P&G and Nestle - Essay Example Therefore, these three efficient tools of marketing will help to analyse overall marketing strategies of the two selected companies. Marketing strategy reflects the overall efficiency of a brand in the market in terms of demand of the products in the target market. It is one of the important areas of a business which drives the market demand and brand value of overall brand in the market. Nestle and P&G are two leading multinational FMCG companies which have been developing and implementing effective marketing strategies. Innovative marketing strategies by these brands create a benchmark in the market with their competitors. Through, both of these two companies operate in the same sector but there is substantial difference in main focused areas of business of these two companies. Main business of Nestle is confectionary food business whereas P&G’s focused area is beauty and household products. ... In terms of revenue and market, Nestle is the largest confectionary and notional food company in the world. The company has successfully developed a diversified portfolio of different popular brands. Major categories of products are starting from breakfast cereals, baby food, dairy products, bottled water, coffee confectionary, snacks, ice cream and pet foods. To compete with the regional competitors in foreign markets, the company has established production units in most of the foreign markets. It helps the company to offer competitive market price of its products. Nestle has developed 450 production units in 86 foreign countries. Demand of the Nestle product is so high that $1.1 billion revenue comes from only 29 brands. These brands include Kitkat, Nespresso, Nesquik, Nescafe, Smarties, Magi, Vittel etc. Nestle holds a large stake on world’s largest beauty product brand in terms of revenue and market share i.e. L’Oreal. Nestle has been followed acquisition aggressive strategy for rapid diversification into many foreign markets. The company holds the first position as world’s most profitable company in Fortune Global 500. The company currently has more than $200 billion market share and it helped the company to achieve FT Global 2011 ranking as 13th position. P&G Procter & Gamble is of the largest multinational fast moving consumer goods company in the world. It is a US based company headquartered in Ney York Stock Exchange. The company has successfully developed a large portfolio of diversified brands of different product ranges. Each of the brands holds wide numbers of products, most of that are very much popular in global market. P&G generated $82.6 billion revenue according annual report of 2011. The company ranked fifth position in the list of

Urban economics homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Urban economics homework - Assignment Example b) Utilities are a typical household expense that can drive a person’s monthly expenses up or down, depending on the season. Therefore, it is not possible that all the 50 residents can have the same level of utility. c) Capitalization causes the equilibrium, and the price per unit housing may differ following the fact that, equilibrium between the two jurisdictions, and poor households are the majority in the inner parts of an urban area where they vote for a low public service level. At the same time in the suburbs, the majority households are rich and they vote high public service. However, the commuting cost, land prices, and income can adjust making both case of households indifferent between jurisdictions. a) In respect to the household wealth complements, people prefer to live in communities with a higher level of public good and higher taxes than others. The economic intuition for this behavior can be attributed to the source and level of income that a households gets on a monthly base or annually. This would differentiate between the two types of household (Balchin, Paul, David Isaac, and Jean). b) As mentioned earlier in case 1 the utility level depends on a season. Again the amount of income comes in where by high income earners utility level is likely to be high compared to that of low income earner. c) The equilibrium level in terms of price per house cannot remain constant. This is because factors such as the commuting cost, land prices, income, environmental conditions, security, house demand and the quality of a those house units keeps on changing. d) It is unlikely that the wage level between the two types of households is the same following the fact that households with above-average income pay high taxes than they get while households with inferior than average income get more than their tax liability. Households with higher incomes demand more of the public good, they are likely to pay high taxes due to rising income if

Education in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Education in Pakistan Essay Education in Pakistan is overseen by the governments Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and in the financing of research. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. â€Å"The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law†. [3] The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one through five); middle (grades six through eight); high(grades nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC); intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary (School) Certificate or HSC); and university programs leading to undergraduate and graduate degrees. [4] The literacy rate ranges from 87% in Islamabad to 20% in the Kohlu District. [5] Between 2000—2004, Pakistanis in the age group 55–64 had a literacy rate of almost 30%, those aged between 45–54 had a literacy rate of nearly 40%, those between 25–34 had a literacy rate of 50%, and those aged 15–24 had a literacy rate of 60%. [6] Literacy rates vary regionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female literacy is 7. 5%. [7]Moreover, English is fast spreading in Pakistan, with 18 million Pakistanis[8] (11% of the population)[8] having a command over the English language, which makes it the 9th Largest English Speaking Nation[9] in the world and the 3rd largest in Asia. [8] On top of that, Pakistan produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates per year. [10] Despite these statistics, Pakistan still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world. [11] Education Expenditure as Percentage of GDP Public expenditure on education lies on the fringes of 2 percent of GDP. However, the government recently approved the new national education policy, which stipulates that education expenditure will be increased to 7% of GDP,[22] an idea that was first suggested by the Punjab government. [23] Author of an article, which reviews the history of education spending in Pakistan since 1972, argues that this policy target raises a fundamental question: What extraordinary things are going to happen that would enable Pakistan to achieve within six years what it has been unable to lay a hand on in the past six decades? The policy document is blank on this question and does not discuss the assumptions that form the basis of this target. Calculations of the author show that during the past 37 years, the highest public expenditure on education was 2. 80 percent of GDP in 1987-88. Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was actually reduced in 16 years and maintained in 5 years between 1972–73 and 2008-09. Thus, out of total 37 years since 1972, public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP either decreased or remained stagnant for 21 years. The author argues if linear trend were maintained since 1972, Pakistan could have touched 4 percent of GDP well before 2015. However, it is unlikely to happen because the levels of spending have had remained significantly unpredictable and unsteady in the past. Given this disappointing trajectory, increasing public expenditure on education to 7 percent of GDP would be nothing less than a miracle but it is not going to be of godly nature. Instead, it is going to be the one of political nature because it has to be invented by those who are at the helm of affairs. The author suggests that little success can be made unless Pakistan adopts an unconventional approach to education. That is to say, education sector should be treated as a special sector by immunizing budgetary allocations for it from fiscal stresses and political and economic instabilities. Allocations for education should not be affected by squeezed fiscal space or surge in military expenditure or debts. At the same time, there is a need to debate others options about how Pakistan can invent the miracle of raising education expenditure to 7 percent of GDP by 2015. [24]

Christianity and Buddhism Differences Essay -- essays research papers

Task one: 1. CHRISTIANITY Main Rituals: The sacraments are the main rituals, the connections between the sacraments with Catholicism and Orthodox are, Baptism, Holy Eucharist, Matrimony, Holy orders, Extreme unction and Reconciliation. Many of the sacraments are ignored by the Anglican Church however, Baptism and the Holy Eucharist is widely encouraged. Sacred Texts: The Sacred text of Christianity is the HOLY BIBLE, and this comprises of the old testament, Jewish scriptures and the new testament from Jesus`s birth to his death which had his teachings and writings within it. The HOLY BIBLE has the original texts from over 1500 years, including that new writings have been discovered this century; we haven’t published those an example would be, The Dead Sea Scrolls. Sacred Time: Christmas being one of the most important times during the year, according to the Liturgical Calender the most important times for a Christian would be Christmas, Easter which occurs in the Easter time/Season, which is during March, April and May. This season starting with the First Sunday of Lent, which is carried out until the Pentecost, this time is to reflect on Jesus`s life and death, his resurrection and his rising into heaven. Sacred Space: Christians believe that a holy place would be their church. Her they go about the worship of God and Jesus, apart from churches services of worship can occur such as The Vatican (Catholicism). Ways of Holiness: The Types of paths followers of god may...

Department store Essay

When we want to buy something, we go shopping. There are many kinds of shops in every town or city. Most people prefer to do their shopping at big department stores and supermarkets. Department stores offer a wide range of articles under one roof. Therefore, a customer can purchase all his requirements from a particular place. As a result, the time and labour of customers are saved because they need not go from shop to shop for purchasing different kinds of goods. Departmental store also offers a number of facilities and services like free home delivery, telephone orders, liberal exchange, etc. with courtesy and fair treatment. Sometimes they even offer to open a current account and buy something on credit. But you must think clearly before get into debt, may be you don’t actually need that and to cut down on such luxuries. What about placing a telephone order, it is better than online shopping, because you can go in the department store and touch everything you want to buy and decide if it is good value for money or truly fit for purpose and then order it by telephone or just reserve it. The availability of such services acts as a special attraction to customers. Also many owners want to limelight the customers with the help of their staff. So they introduce a kind of dress code. Sometimes the executives want their employees wear a special uniform, but usually they only forbid their people to wear revealing and light clothes, stiletto heels and order them to be well-groomed and on no account sloppy. What is more, the owners want their staff to be credible and polite with their clients. It is the first step to success! Furthermore, a departmental store is generally located in the heart of the city. Hence, many people visit such stores and make their purchases. Gradually, such stores develop a reputation of their own, by selling quality goods at centrally located areas and busy centres. This attracts a large number of customers. Departmental stores offer a stunning range of goods at different price levels. They also keep a variety of designs, colours, styles, etc. For example, you can buy designer label clothes from glossy magazines, which have been launched in new collections of famous designers and have already hit the high street. This is the proposal for someone who is interested in  high-street fashion and fashion victims. But also there are a lot of hugely popular clothes and other things for everybody! It enables the customers to make a better selection from a wide variety. The department stores generally purchase in bulk quantities. For that, they receive discounts and commissions. Such stores purchase directly from the manufacturer and hence avoid middlemen and so als o their commission. As a result, departmental stores are able to sell products, at prices lesser than other retailers. Thus, economies of large scale buying are transferred to the customers in the form of low prices. Speaking about less pleasant facts, we should speak about complaints and repayments. If you haven’t been provided an excellent service or your purchase turned out to be poor quality, you have all grounds for complaint and all these complaints should be taken seriously and handled promptly. Also let’s imagine such situation: you have bought the shoes, but after trying them at home you’ve realized them to be excruciatingly uncomfortable. Don’t give up, you will be right to return these shoes during 2 weeks and demand a full refund. All in all, nowadays the department stores are becoming more popular s where people can reserve time and find a necessary good. Due to the wide range of goods offered and various facilities provided by the departmental stores, they are able to make large volume of sales. It is really favorably to do shopping at the department stores i n order to save you money.

Defining Marketing - 981 Words

Defining Marketing What is marketing? More important, what importance does marketing have on an organization s success? In this paper, marketing will be defined. Included will be my personal definition of marketing, the definition found in Marketing Management, and the definition found in Basic Marketing. Based on these definitions, I will explain the importance of marketing in organizational success. Definition of Marketing There are several definitions of marketing. Although many sources define marketing differently, each definition has the same meaning. The following will describe my personal definition of marketing, followed by the definitions of marketing in Basic Marketing and Marketing Management. Personal Definition†¦show more content†¦Wachovia As a result of Wachovia s marketing strategies, Wachovia has been ranked number one in customer service for the past five years among banking peers. According to the Wachovia 2005 Annual Report, driving our growth is an uncommon partnership of banking and brokerage businesses that leverage the collective wisdom of our skilled relationship managers and finical advisors to bridge a lifetime of customer needs (Wachovia, 2006). Rolex Rolex is another organization that has found success from good marketing. Rolex watches are products that sell themselves. As quoted in Rolex Watches Ââ€" A Brief History, the founder of Rolex wasn t content merely to invent the first wristwatch. He wanted to invent the first truly accurate wristwatch, one that you could actually run your life by (Brittons Watches, 2007). Because of good marketing, Rolex is considered to be one of the most prestigious watches in the world. No matter how one defines the word, an organization s success relies on marketing. Each of the three examples provided in this paper prove that marketing created organization success for each of the organizations. According to Basic Marketing, if the whole marketing job has been done well, customers don t need much persuading. They should be ready to buy. And after they do buy, they ll be satisfied and ready to buy the same way again the next time (Perreault andShow MoreRelatedDefining Marketing805 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Marketing Colleen P. Dalton MKT/421 November 26, 2012 Stephanie Burns Defining Marketing The purpose of this paper is to define the term â€Å"marketing†, explain the importance of marketing in organizational success, and provide examples from the business world to support the explanation of its importance. Upon completion of this paper it should be understood what Marketing means and its importance in today’s society. Marketing There are many definitions of the term â€Å"marketing†Read MoreDefining Marketing802 Words   |  4 PagesDefining Marketing Deby Chan MKT 421 – Marketing Norbert Gray Jr. July 3, 2011 Defining Marketing There has been much misconception about what marketing really it only about commercials on the television or billboards that dot the highways, advertisements in the paper or salesman attempting to sell you their products. Many believe that this is marketing but marketing is much more complex than the advertising and the selling of goods and services. In fact, the above mentioned elements onlyRead MoreDefining Marketing1022 Words   |  5 PagesTo fully understand the importance of marketing and organizational success one must understand what marketing is. Marketing and marketing decisions are the key to an organizations success. Without the marketing process and marketing strategies an organization is sure to fail. To me marketing is the communication of products to a specific target market, and marketing plans are based on the four P’s of the marketing mix: product, place, promotion, and price (Perreault, Cannon, amp; McCarthy, 2011Read MoreDefining Marketing983 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing has become a part of society and a huge part of the American culture; one has only to observe the timeless art of Andy Warhol and the iconic Campbell’s Soup Can at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. A personal definition of marketing is creating a product or service that fulfills a need and taking the idea from a concept to the kitchen table. Business Dictionary defines marketing as â€Å"the management process through which goods and services move from concept to the customer†Read MoreDefining Marketing Paper1010 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DEFINING MARKETING PAPER Defining Marketing Paper Bonnie Garcia University of Phoenix Marketing is an important part of the business organization; it is more than just promoting and selling a product. Marketing is gratifying the changing needs of the customer. This can be best summed up by the very successful businessman Bill Gates when he quoted, Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning . The purpose of this paper is toRead MoreEssay on Defining Marketing869 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing is one of those things that surrounds your everyday life and you dont even realize it. A challenge of a good marketing manager is to make a person or customer to not even realize that they are targets of a marketing campaign. To define marketing in my own words; giving products a place to perform or show to enhance a buyer. Marketing is a truly important function of business. It is basically the wheels of motion to get a business to profitability. For example, a merchant has a widgetRead MoreDefining Marketing Paper1008 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Paper Marketing an important part of the business organization, it is more than promoting and selling a product. Marketing is satisfying the changing needs of the customer. The very successful businessman Bill Gates can best sum this up when he said, Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning . The purpose of this paper is to define marketing from at least two different sources, based on these definitions explain the importance of marketing in organizational successRead MoreDefining Marketing - Importance of Marketing in Organizational Success1005 Words   |  5 PagesDefining Marketing Michelle Watson Marketing 421 April 16, 2012 Kim Wm. Houseman Definition of Marketing Marketing is often misunderstood. Ask the average person how they would define marketing and a majority would reply with something along the lines of commercials, ads, brochures, and other items used to market a business. Marketing is complex. It is a process, a practice, and a philosophy. As a process, it moves goods and services from an idea all the way throughRead MoreDefining Marketing for the 21st Century4119 Words   |  17 PagesChapter 1 – Defining Marketing for the Twenty-First Century True/False Questions 1. Marketing is both an art and a science—there is constant tension between the formulated side and the creative side. True (easy) p. 2 AACSB (Reflective Thinking) 2. Large, well known businesses have newly empowered customers, and have had to rethink their business models. True (moderate) p. 2 AACSB (Reflective Thinking) 3. The authors see marketing management as the art and science of proper retailRead MoreDefining Marketing Paper837 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Marketing is in a part of everyone’s daily lives. We see it the moment we turn on the television, when we go to the grocery store, and even at our jobs. When I think about marketing, I think about all of my favorite restaurants, places to go, favorite clothing brands, and shoes. All of my favorite things come to mind when we discuss the concept of marketing. When I think about marketing, I think of all of the companies that produce my favorite things. Marketing campaigns are those people

Compare And Contrast Scarlet Letter And Young Goodman Brown

Trust –a feeling of confidence in someone or something other than oneself –is the building block of society. It binds relationships, it enhances communities. Those neglectful to their own idea –those who cease growth due to its restrictive nature –surrender their minds to its malevolent manner. When blindsided by someone they trust, one feels extreme anger or profound betrayal, such as Hester’s newfound optimism despite society’s attempt to humiliate her and Goodman Brown’s hopelessness after seeing people he trusts conversing with the devil. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Hester gains a new strength from the letter A after recognizing the evil nature of Puritan society. Whereas in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† witnessing†¦show more content†¦In contrast to the embellished and bedecked imagery of the letter A, Hawthorne uses gloomy and dreary diction to describe the forest Goodman Brown trave ls. While Hester bears the letter A unwillingly, Goodman Brown voluntarily enters the â€Å"deep dusk in the forest† to conferee with the devil (Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† 1114). Goodman Brown lives his life as a devout religious man, however the temptation from the devil and the forest prove too strong for him to overcome. Neglecting his values at the start of the story alludes that Goodman Brown will sustain a permanent shift in his beliefs and ideals, either maturing or diminishing them. As Goodman Brown walks deeper and deeper into the forest, Hawthorne describes how the road â€Å"grew wilder and drearier, and more faintly traced, and vanished at length, leaving [Goodman Brown] in the heart of the dark wilderness† (1118). The pessimistic depiction of the forest suggests he feels unwelcomed there, alluding to his feelings towards Puritan society. Furthermore, Hawthorne portrays the forest with â€Å"frightful sounds,† â€Å"creaking [†¦] tress,† and â€Å"howling [†¦] wild beasts† to imitate the devil’s abode, hell (1118). While the exquisite design of the letter A foreshadows a positive impact on Hester’s life, the eerie appearance of the forest portends a pessimistic outcome for Goodman Brown. With the evil truth behind Puritan society revealed, Hester finds her own identity, while Goodman Brown bothShow MoreRelatedThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1426 Words   |  6 Pagesshort story, also shows a strong difference between the roles of the male and female characters. Professor Pietro Baglioni says, â€Å"‘I know little of Signora Beatrice, save that Rappaccini is said to have instructed her deeply in his science, and that, young and beautiful as fame reports her, she is already qualified to fill a professor’s chair†¦ Other absurd rumors there be†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne, â€Å"Rappaccini’s† 656). The fact that the professor did not believe in the rumor of Beatrice’s scientific knowledge showsRead MoreSin in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2433 Words   |  10 Pages    Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved. And the young Puritan Goodman Brown accepted this principle, after his in-the-woods experience, as applying not only to the Salem village rank-and-file but even to his faultless wife Faith. Is this notion of sin correct? This essay seeks to compare this moral depravity doctrine of the Puritans as seen in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to the Catholic Church’s teaching on sin, a recognized standard. The influence of Puritan religion, cultureRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 PagesOld Manse in Concord, Massachusetts. Later into their successful marriage the decided to move to Salem, the Berkshires, then to The Wayside in Concord. Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for many of his writings but the most popular had to be The Scarlet Letter which was published in 1850, followed by a succession of other novels as well. Nathaniel Hawthorne was a very successful writer, his writing consists of many elements like abnormal psychology, dreams, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophreniaRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pageselsewhere, most frequently to character or idea. Understanding a plot on a schematic level becomes even more difficult when dealing with works, usually novels, that have more than one plot. Many novels contain one or more subplots that reinforce by contrast or parallel the main plot. Some novels even contain a double plot, as in Thackeray’s â€Å"Vanity Fair†, where we are asked to follow the careers of both the selfish adventuress Becky Sharp and the innocent, good-hearted Amelia Sedley. As Amelia’s fortunes